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Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 17-26 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0369-3

摘要： Optimal application of pavement preservation or preventive maintenance is critical for highway agencies to allocate the limited budget for different treatments. This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model to quantify the impact of pavement preservation on agency cost and vehicle operation cost (VOC) and analyzed the optimal timing of preservation treatments. The international roughness index (IRI) data were extracted from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program specific pavement studies 3 (SPS-3) to determine the long-term effectiveness of preservation treatments on IRI deterioration. The traffic loading and the initial IRI value significantly affects life extension and the benefit of agency cost caused by pavement preservation. The benefit in VOC is one to two orders greater in magnitude as compared to the benefit in agency cost. The optimal timing calculated based on VOC is always earlier than the optimal timing calculated based on agency cost. There are considerable differences among the optimal timing of three preservation treatments.

关键词： pavement preservation     life-cycle cost analysis     agency cost     vehicle operation cost    

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Life cycle cost savings analysis on traditional drainage systems from low impact development strategies

Pengfei ZHANG, Samuel T. ARIARATNAM

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期   页码 88-97 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0063-y

摘要： Areas that are covered with natural vegetation have been converted into asphalt, concrete, or roofed structures and have increased surface impermeability and decreased natural drainage capability. Conventional drainage systems were built to mimic natural drainage patterns to prevent the occurrence of waterlogging in developed sites. These drainage systems consist of two major components: 1) a stormwater conduit system, and 2) a runoff storage system. Runoff storage systems contain retention basins and drywells that are used to store and percolate runoff, whereas conduit systems are combination of catch basins and conduit pipes used to collect and transport runoff. The construction of these drainage systems is costly and may cause significant environmental disturbance. In this study, low impact development (LID) methods that consist of extensive green roofs (GRs) and permeable interlocking concrete pavements (PICPs) are applied in real-world construction projects. Construction project documents were reviewed, and related cost information was gathered through the accepted bidding proposals and interviews of specialty contractors in the metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona. Results indicate that the application of both LID methods to existing projects can save an average of 27.2% in life cycle costs (LCC) for a 50-year service life and 18.7% in LCC for a 25-year service life on the proposed drainage system, respectively.

关键词： low impact development     traditional drainage system     hydraulic benefits     life-cycle cost    

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Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0909-1

摘要： The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is rapidly developing in China for carbon reduction and neutrality. This paper evaluated the life-cycle cost and carbon emission of hydrogen energy via lots of field surveys, including hydrogen production and packing in chlor-alkali plants, transport by tube trailers, storage and refueling in hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs), and application for use in two different cities. It also conducted a comparative study for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The result indicates that hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCV) has the best environmental performance but the highest energy cost. However, a sufficient hydrogen supply can significantly reduce the carbon intensity and FCV energy cost of the current system. The carbon emission for FCV application has the potential to decrease by 73.1% in City A and 43.8% in City B. It only takes 11.0%–20.1% of the BEV emission and 8.2%–9.8% of the ICEV emission. The cost of FCV driving can be reduced by 39.1% in City A. Further improvement can be obtained with an economical and “greener” hydrogen production pathway.

关键词： hydrogen energy     life-cycle assessment (LCA)     fuel cell vehicle     carbon emission     energy cost    

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Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 308-319 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0696-x

摘要： This paper aims to discuss an environmental, social, and economic analysis of energy utilization of crop residues from life cycle perspectives in China. The methodologies employed to achieve this objective are environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA), life cycle cost (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA). Five scenarios are developed based on the conversion technologies and final bioenergy products. The system boundaries include crop residue collection, transportation, pre-treatment, and conversion process. The replaced amounts of energy are also taken into account in the E-LCA analysis. The functional unit is defined as 1 MJ of energy produced. Eight impact categories are considered besides climate change in E-LCA. The investment capital cost and salary cost are collected and compared in the life cycle of the scenarios. Three stakeholders and several subcategories are considered in the S-LCA analysis defined by UNEP/SETAS guidelines. The results show that the energy utilization of crop residue has carbon emission factors of 0.09–0.18 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ), and presents a net carbon emissions reduction of 0.03–0.15 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ) compared with the convectional electricity or petrol, but the other impacts should be paid attention to in the biomass energy scenarios. The energy utilization of crop residues can bring economic benefit to local communities and the society, but the working conditions of local workers need to be improved in future biomass energy development.

关键词： crop residue     life cycle assessment     life cycle cost     social life cycle assessment     energy production    

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基于寿命周期备件费用的系统可靠性优化设计

邵松世,李庆民,李 华

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第5期   页码 25-30

摘要：

针对以往系统可靠性优化研究中，系统费用仅包括研制成本，未考虑系统在列装期间运行费用的问题，应用一种基于寿命周期内备件需求估计的备件费用简易计算方法，对两种非线性可靠性-价格函数情况，以系统组成单元不可修、寿命分布服从指数规律为例，开展了以系统价格和备件费用之和最小为目标的可靠性分配优化研究。仿真试验结果表明：该方法简便易行，得到的优化方案更加合理，能避免单纯追求系统价格最低、却在装备使用阶段付出高昂费用的过度优化结果，能有效降低系统在全寿命期间的运行成本。

关键词： 寿命周期；备件费用；可靠性优化；串并联系统；遗传算法    

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可持续发展工程结构全寿命周期

金伟良,钟小平

《中国工程科学》 2012年 第14卷 第3期   页码 100-107

摘要：

以结构全寿命周期为研究时域，运用结构全寿命设计的新理念，构架了工程结构全寿命设计的目标体系，并从目标体系出发，结合工程结构的特点，分析了设计中结构性能、成本、使用寿命的内涵及相互关系。在综合众多影响因素的基础上构建了工程结构全寿命周期设计理论的研究框架，确定了工程结构性能指标、经济指标及时间指标在全寿命设计理论体系中的核心地位，提出了基于性能设计的耐久性极限状态设计新理念，并分析了性能极限状态所具有的特点。

关键词： 基于可持续发展的设计理论     结构全寿命周期     结构可靠性     结构寿命周期成本     结构使用寿命    

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A comparison of production system life cycle models

Rajesh ATTRI, Sandeep GROVER

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第7卷 第3期   页码 305-311 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0332-5

摘要：

Companies today need to keep up with the rapidly changing market conditions to stay competitive. The main issues in this paper are related to a company’s market and its competitors. The prediction of market behavior is helpful for a manufacturing enterprise to build efficient production systems. However, these predictions are usually not reliable. A production system is required to adapt to changing markets, but such requirement entails higher cost. Hence, analyzing different life cycle models of the production system is necessary. In this paper, different life cycle models of the production system are compared to evaluate the distinctive features and the limitations of each model. Furthermore, the difference between product life cycle and production life cycle is summarized, and the effect of product life cycle on production life cycle is explained. Finally, a production system life cycle model, along with key activities to be performed in each stage, is proposed specifically for the manufacturing sector.

关键词： production system     life cycle     model     product    

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Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 392-408 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0212-6

摘要： The diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), is critical to the transportation sector’s deep decarbonization. The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs. Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs, little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential. Thus, relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs. This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various (competing or coordinated) energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission, hydrogen production and transportation, power-to-liquid fuel, and fuel transportation. The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect. Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs, FCVs, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) are approximately 3.60, 4.31, and 2.21 yuan/GJ, respectively, and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50, 6.15, and 7.51 yuan/GJ, respectively. These costs primarily include raw material costs, and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs. In consideration of the technological learning effect, the energy chains’ well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected to decrease by 24.82% for BEVs, 27.12% for FCVs, and 19.25% for ICEVs by 2060. This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.

关键词： energy chain     new energy vehicle     internal combustion engine vehicle     life cycle cost     technological learning    

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State-of-the-art applications of machine learning in the life cycle of solid waste management

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1644-x

摘要：

● State-of-the-art applications of machine learning (ML) in solid waste (SW) is presented.

关键词： Machine learning (ML)     Solid waste (SW)     Bibliometrics     SW management     Energy utilization     Life cycle    

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An updated review and conceptual model for optimizing WEEE management in China from a life cycle perspective

Xiaolong Song, Jingwei Wang, Jianxin Yang, Bin Lu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0985-8

摘要： Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a rapidly growing category of solid waste. China is now facing WEEE problems from both growing domestic generation and illegal imports. Currently, the amount of WEEE formally treated has increased steadily in China. The layout of the formal sector has been basically completed. Meanwhile, by controlling illegal disassembly activities, the informal sector has been gradually transformed to formal one. Beginning with the overview of the WEEE recycling industry in China, this paper first lists the latest progress in WEEE management from such aspects as the new edition of China RoHS Directive (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive), the updated WEEE Treatment List, the updated WEEE fund standard, the revised National Hazardous Waste List, and a brand-new plan on extended producer responsibility. In so doing, we elucidate the current challenges on WEEE management in detail: the imbalance between fund levies and subsidies, the gap in the supervision scope, the homogenization of recycling industry and the lack of life cycle approaches. Finally, a conceptual framework for integrated management of WEEE is proposed from a life cycle perspective. Overall, the life cycle management of WEEE includes three aspects: developing life cycle information for decision-making, implementing life cycle engineering with life cycle tools, and improving WEEE legislation based on life cycle thinking. By providing specific operating strategies, this life cycle framework should help to optimize WEEE management in developing countries where legislation is imperfect and the recycling system is relatively immature.

关键词： Waste electrical and electronic equipment     E-waste     Life cycle management     China    

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Carbon emission analysis of a residential building in China through life cycle assessment

Yin ZHANG,Xuejing ZHENG,Huan ZHANG,Gaofeng CHEN,Xia WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 150-158 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0684-7

摘要： In this paper, a quantitative life cycle model for carbon emission accounting was developed based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) theory. A residential building in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city (Tianjin, China) was selected as a sample, which had been constructed according to the concept of green environmental protection and sustainable development. In the scenario of this research, material production, construction, use and maintenance, and demolition phases were assessed by building carbon emission models. Results show that use and maintenance phase and material production phase are the most significant contributors to the life cycle carbon emissions of a building. We also analyzed some factor influences in LCA, including the thickness of the insulating layer and the length of building service life. The analysis suggest that thicker insulating layer does not necessarily produce less carbon emissions in the light of LCA, and if service life of a building increases, its carbon emissions during the whole life cycle will rise as well but its unit carbon emission will decrease inversely. Some advices on controlling carbon emissions from buildings are also provided.

关键词： life cycle assessment     carbon emission     factor influence analysis    

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全生命周期成本分析框架下的电动公交充电器部署和车队管理 Article

曾子凌, 王帅安, 曲小波

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第21卷 第2期   页码 45-60 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.07.019

摘要：

尽管城市交通电气化快速发展，但电池电动公交车（EB）车队的系统规划和管理进展却较为落后。本研究首先综述了影响电池电动系统的基本问题，包括充电站部署、电池尺寸、公交车调度和生命周期分析。目前，EB系统的规划和运行是按顺序进行的，公交车调度是在公交车队和基础设施部署完毕后进行的，这导致了资源利用率低和资源浪费。对此，本文提出了混合整数规划模型整合充电站部署和公交车队管理，以尽可能低的生命周期成本（LCC），包括所有权、运营、维护和排放费用，缩小最佳规划与运营之间的差距。引入了分支定价算法，以减少寻找最佳解决方案所需的计算工作量。本研究还通过分析真实案
例，与目前的公交运营策略和充电站布局相比，一条公交线路的LCC优化后可显著降低30.4%。提出的方法不仅可以进行生命周期分析，还可以为交通部门和运营商提供可靠的充电桩部署及单线和多线的公交调度计划，这两者都是未来具有高电气化普及率的交通系统中决策支持的关键要求，此研究也有助于推动可持续交通的发展。

关键词： 电动公交车     充电站部署     电池尺寸     公交车调度     生命周期分析    

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Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

Sai LIANG, Tianzhu ZHANG, Xiaoping JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 97-108 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0402-2

摘要： To improve material efficiency, industrial structure optimization becomes a focal point in Chinese industrial and environmental policies. It is crucial to cluster economic sectors and determine their priority for industrial and environmental policy implementation. Integrating a set of criteria, a hybrid input-output model and the hierarchical cluster analysis, this study clusters China’s economic sectors and determines their priority on a life cycle basis. China’s economic sectors are clustered into three clusters. Industrial structure changes (industrial policy) should encourage the development of sectors in cluster 1 and limit the development of sectors in cluster 2. Technology development and materials recycling (two environmental policies) should mainly focus on sectors in clusters 1 and 2. Future industrial policies in China should limit the development of two sectors named and . Instead of limiting some industries by command-and-control, the best policy option is to remedy environmental standards and law enforcement. Enterprises belonging to the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of direct production impacts should be concerned to achieve enterprise sustainability. To achieve sustainable production chains, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of accumulative production impacts should be concerned. For sustainable consumption, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of consumption impacts should be concerned to transform consumption styles. Most of environmental pressure can be alleviated not only by technical improvements and material recycling, but also by the development of economic sectors in cluster 1.

关键词： cluster analysis     input-output model     life cycle     material flow analysis     sustainable development    

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General framework for bridge life cycle design

Junhai MA, Airong CHEN, Jun HE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第1期   页码 50-56 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0004-7

摘要： Based on a detailed illustration for bridge life cycle design which comprises the processes of service life design, aesthetics design, performance design, environmental and ecological design, inspection, maintenance and repair design as well as cost analysis, this paper presented a general framework for bridge life cycle design comprising three design phases and six design processes.

关键词： bridge whole life design     design phase     design process     general framework    

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Identification and assessment of environmental burdens of Chinese copper production from a life cycle

Xiaolong SONG,Jianxin YANG,Bin LU,Bo LI,Guangyuan ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 580-588 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0599-8

摘要： The environmental burdens of Chinese copper production have been identified and quantified in the context of typical technologies, materials supplies and environmental emissions by a life cycle approach. Primary and secondary copper production using copper ores and scraps, respectively, were analyzed in detail. The flash and bath smelting approaches and the recycling of copper scraps were selected as representative copper production processes. A quantitative analysis was also conducted to assess the influence of material transport distance in copper production. Life cycle assessment (LCA) results showed that resources depletion and human health contribute significantly to environmental burdens in Chinese copper production. In addition, the secondary copper production has dramatically lower environmental burdens than the primary production. There is no obvious distinction in overall environmental burdens in primary copper production by flash or bath smelting approach. However, resources depletion is lower and the damage to human health is higher for flash smelting approach. Ecosystem quality damage is slight for both approaches. Environmental burdens from the mining stage contribute most in all life cycle stages in primary copper production. In secondary copper production, the electrolytic refining stage dominates. Based on the life cycle assessment results, some suggestions for improving environmental performance were proposed to meet the sustainable development of Chinese copper industry.

关键词： copper production     environmental burden     life cycle assessment     refined copper    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

期刊论文

Life cycle cost savings analysis on traditional drainage systems from low impact development strategies

Pengfei ZHANG, Samuel T. ARIARATNAM

期刊论文

Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

期刊论文

Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

期刊论文

基于寿命周期备件费用的系统可靠性优化设计

邵松世,李庆民,李 华

期刊论文

可持续发展工程结构全寿命周期

金伟良,钟小平

期刊论文

A comparison of production system life cycle models

Rajesh ATTRI, Sandeep GROVER

期刊论文

Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

期刊论文

State-of-the-art applications of machine learning in the life cycle of solid waste management

期刊论文

An updated review and conceptual model for optimizing WEEE management in China from a life cycle perspective

Xiaolong Song, Jingwei Wang, Jianxin Yang, Bin Lu

期刊论文

Carbon emission analysis of a residential building in China through life cycle assessment

Yin ZHANG,Xuejing ZHENG,Huan ZHANG,Gaofeng CHEN,Xia WANG

期刊论文

全生命周期成本分析框架下的电动公交充电器部署和车队管理

曾子凌, 王帅安, 曲小波

期刊论文

Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

Sai LIANG, Tianzhu ZHANG, Xiaoping JIA

期刊论文

General framework for bridge life cycle design

Junhai MA, Airong CHEN, Jun HE

期刊论文

Identification and assessment of environmental burdens of Chinese copper production from a life cycle

Xiaolong SONG,Jianxin YANG,Bin LU,Bo LI,Guangyuan ZENG

期刊论文